Project on Sustainable Development For Class 10 PDF

Project on Sustainable Development For Class 10 PDF

Improving on economic and social aspects

• It has been suggested that because of rural poverty and overexploitation, environmental resources should be treated as important economic assets, called natural capital.
• Economic development has traditionally required a growth in the gross domestic product. This model of unlimited personal and GDP growth may be over.
• Sustainable development may involve improvements in the quality of life for many but may necessitate a decrease in resource consumption.
• As early as the 1970s, the concept of sustainability was used to describe an economy “in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems”.
•  Scientists in many fields have highlighted The Limits to Growth, and economists have presented alternatives, for example, a ‘steady-state economy’, to address concerns over the impacts of expanding human development on the planet.
• In 1987, the economist Edward Barbier published the study The Concept of Sustainable Economic Development, where he recognized that goals of environmental conservation and economic development are not conflicting and can be reinforcing each other.
• A World Bank study from 1999 concluded that based on the theory of genuine savings (defined as “traditional net savings less the value of resource depletion and environmental degradation plus the value of an investment in human capital”), policymakers have many possible interventions to increase sustainability, in macroeconomics or purely environmental.
• Several studies have noted that efficient policies for renewable energy and pollution are compatible with increasing human welfare, eventually reaching a golden-rule steady state.
• A meta-review in 2002 looked at environmental and economic valuations and found a “lack of concrete understanding of what “sustainability policies” might entail in practice”.
• A study concluded in 2007 that knowledge, manufactured and human capital (health and education) has not compensated for the degradation of natural capital in many parts of the world.
• It has been suggested that intergenerational equity can be incorporated into sustainable development and decision making, as has become common in economic valuations of climate economics.
• The 2022 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report discussed how ambitious climate change mitigation policies have created negative social and economic impacts when they are not aligned with sustainable development goals.
• As a result, the transition towards sustainable development mitigation policies has slowed down which is why the inclusivity and considerations of justice of these policies may weaken or support improvements in certain regions as there are other limiting factors such as poverty, food insecurity, and water scarcity that may impede the government’s application of policies that aim to build a low carbon future.

The World Business Council for Sustainable Development published a Vision 2050 document in 2021 to show “How business can lead the transformations the world needs”. The vision states that “we envision a world in which  9+billion people can live well, within planetary boundaries, by 2050.”

This report was highlighted by The Guardian as “the largest concerted corporate sustainability action plan to date – including reversing the damage done to ecosystems, addressing rising greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring societies move to sustainable agriculture.”

Examples of Sustainable Development Class 10

• Wind energy
• Solar energy
• Crop rotation
• Sustainable construction
• Efficient water fixtures
• Greenspace
• Sustainable forestry

1. What is Environmental Crisis?

Ans. Environmental crisis refers to a situation when an environment fails to perform its vital function of life sustenance. The environment becomes suitable as soon as the following happens:

• Resource extraction remains below the rate of resource generation.
• The generation of waste remains within the absorption capacity of the environment.

Reasons for Environmental Crisis

(1) Population explosion

• The high rate of growth of the population adversely affects the environment.
• It increases the demand for environmental resources, but their supply is limited.
• This results in overuse and misuse of resources.

(2) Rise in economic activity

• The rise in economic growth results in affluent consumption and production of goods and services.
• It generates wastes that are beyond the absorptive capacity of the environment.

(3) Rapid industrialisation

• Rapid industrialisation has led to deforestation and the depletion of natural resources.
• It leads to contamination of water due to the accumulation of an increasing quantity of toxic substances and industrial wastes in the water bodies.

(4) Urbanisation

• A large migration of the population from rural to urban areas results in the fast growth of slum areas.
• It leads to an excess burden on the existing infrastructural activities.

(5) Deforestation

• Deforestation refers to cutting down trees, clearing forests, etc.
• It adversely affects the environment and causes other problems.

(6) Increased use of insecticides, pesticides, and chemical fertilisers

• Farmers and workers suffer health problems due to the increased use of poisonous insecticides, pesticides, and chemical fertilisers.
• The crop generated also contains chemical elements in it.

Examples of Sustainable Development Short Questions and Answers

1: What is the opportunity cost of a negative environment?Ans: It is the cost incurred by a society from the impact of a negative environment on society.

2: What is ozone depletion?

Ans: Ozone depletion refers to the destruction of the ozone layer due to the presence of chlorine and bromine from man-made CFC (Chlorofluorocarbon) and other gases.

3: What is global warming?

Ans: It is a situation of a gradual but consistent rise in atmospheric temperature.

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